In The TOEFL test there
are three sections of questions :
1.
Listening
Comprehension
In
this section of the test, you will have opportunity to demonstrate your ability
to understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts to this
section, with special directions for each part. Answer all the questions on the
basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers you hear. Don’t take notes
or write in your test book at any time. Don’t turn the pages until you are told
to do so.
(a) Part
1 : You will hear short conversations.
(b) Part
2 : You will hear longer conversation.
(c) Part
3 : You will hear several talks
And
the General Strategies are :
(1) Be
familiar with the directions. The directions on
every TOEFL test are the same, so it is not necesarry to listen carefully to
them each time. You should be completely familiar with the directions.
(2) Listen
carefully to the conversation and talks. You should
concertrate fully on what the speakers are saying in the recording program,
because you will hear it one time only.
(3) Know
where the easier and more difficult questions are generally found.
Within each part of the Listening Comprehension section, the questions
generally progress from easy to difficult.
(4) Never
leave any answer blank on your answer sheet.
Even if you are unsure of the correct response, you should answer each question.
There is no penalty for guessing.
(5) Use
any remaining time to look ahead at the answers to the question that follow.
When you finish with one question, you may have time to look ahead at the
answers to the nest question.
STRATEGIES FOR THE LISTENING PART A
QUESTIONS :
(1)
As you listen to each short
conversation, focus on the second line of the conversation.The
answer to the question is generally found in the second line.
(2)
Keep in mind that the correct
answer probably a restatement of a key word or idea in the second line of the
conversation. Think of possible restatement.
(3)
Keep in mind that certain
structures and expressions are tested regularly in Listening Part A.
Listen for these structures and expressions :
(a)
Structures (passives, negatives,
wishes, conditions)
(b)
Functional expressions (agreement,
uncertainty, sugestion, surprise)
(c)
Idiomatic expressions (two-part
verbs, three-part verbs, idioms)
(4) Keep
in mind that these question generally progress from easy to difficult. This
means that question even I through 5 will be the easiest, and questions 26
through 30 will be the hardest.
(5) Read
the answers and choose the best answer to each question.
Remember to answer each question even if you are not sure of the correct
response. Never leave any answer blank.
(6) Even
if you don’t understand the complate conversation, you can find the correct
answer. (Never
choose an answer because it sounds like what you heard in the conversation).
The
following skills will help you to implement these strategies in the Listening
section of the TOEFL test :
PART
1
(1) Skill
1 : Focus on the second line.
(2) Skill
2 : Choose answer with synonyms.
(3) Skill
3 : Avoid silimiar sounds.
(4) Skill
4 : Draw conclusions about who,what,where.
(5) Skill
5 : Listen for who and what in passives.
(6) Skill
6 : listen for who and what with multiple nouns.
(7) Skill
7 : Listen for negative expressions.
(8) Skill
8 : Listen for double negatoves expressions.
(9) Skill
9 : Listen for “almost negative” expressions.
(10) Skill
10 : Listen for negatives with comparatives.
(11) Skill
11 : Listen for expressions of agreement.
(12) Skill
12 : Listen for expressions of uncertainty and suggestion.
(13) Skill
13: Listen for empathic expressins of surprise.
(14) Skill
14 : Listen for wishes.
(15) Skill
15 : Listen for untrue conditions.
(16) Skill
16 : Listen for two- and three-part verbs.
(17) Skill
17 : Listen for idioms.
PART
2
(18) Skill
18 : Anticipate the topics.
(19) Skill
19 : Anticipate the questions.
(20) Skill
20 : Determine the topic.
(21) Skill
21 : Draw conclusions about who, what, when, where.
(22) Skill
22 : Listen for answer in order.
PART
3
(23) Skill
23 : Anticipate the topics.
(24) Skill
24 : Anticipate the questions.
(25) Skill
25 : Determine the topic.
(26) Skill
26 : Draw conclusions about who, what, when, where.
(27) Skill
27 : Listen for answer in order.
2.
Structure
and Written Expression
This section is designed to measure your
ability to recognize language that is approriate for standard written English.
There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for
each type.
General Strategies :
(1) Be
familiar with the directions.The directions on every
TOEFL test are the same, so it is not necessary to spend time reading the
directions carefully when you take the test. You should be completely familiar.
(2) Begin
with questions 1 through 15. Anticipate that
questions 1 through 5 will be the easiest. Anticipate that question 11 through
15 will be the most difficult. Do not spend too much time on questions 11
through 15. There will be easier questions that come later.
(3) Continue
with question 16 through 40. Anticupate the
question 16 through 20 will be the easiest. Anticipates that question 36
through 40 will be the most difficult. Do not spend too much time on questions
30 through 40.
(4) If
you have time, return to questions 11 through 15.
You should spend extra time on questions 11 through 15 only after you spend all
the time that you want on the easier questions.
(5) Never
leave any answer blank on your answer sheet.
Even if you are not sure of the correct response, you should answer each
questions. There is no penalty for guessing.
- STRATEGIES FOR THE STRUCTURE QUESTIONS :
(1) First
study the sentence. Your propose is to determine what
is needed to complete the sentence correctly.
(2) Then
study each answer based on how well ir completes the sentence.
Eliminate answer that don’t complete the sentence correctly.
(3) Don’t
try to eliminate incorrect answers by looking only at the answer by looking
only at the answer. The incorrect answers are
generally correct by themselves. The incorrect answers are generally incorrect
only when used to complete the sentence.
(4) Never
leave any answer blank on your answer sheet.
Be sure to answer each question even if you are unsure of the correct response.
(5) Don’t
spend too much time on the Structure question.
Be sure to leave adequate time for the Written Expression questions.
The
following skills will help you to implement these strategies in the Structure
section of the TOEFL test :
SENTENCES WITH ONE
CLAUSE
(1) Skill
1 : Be sure the sentence has a subject and a verb.
(2) Skill
2 : Be careful of objects of prepositions.
(3) Skill
3 : Be careful of appositives.
(4) Skill
4 : Be careful of present participles.
(5) Skill
5 : Be careful of past participles.
SENTENCES WITH MULTIPLE
CLAUSES
(6) Skill
6 : Use coordinate connectors correctly.
(7) Skill
7 : Use adverb time,and cause
connectors correctly.
(8) Skill
8 : Use other adverb connectors correctly.
MORE SENTENCES WITH
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
(9) Skill
9 : Use noun clause connectors correctly.
(10) Skill
10 : Use noun clause connector/subjects corretly.
(11) Skill
11 : Use adjective clause connectors correctly.
(12) Skill
12 : Use adjective clause connector/subjects correctly.
(13) Skill
13 : Use reduced adjective clauses correctly.
(14) Skill
14 : Use reduced adverb clauses correctly.
SENTENCES WITH INVERTED
SUBJECTS AND VERBS
(15) Skill
15 : Invert the subject and verb with question words.
(16) Skill
16 : Invert the subject and verb with place expressions.
(17) Skill
17 : Invert the subject and verb with negatives.
(18) Skill
18 : Invert the subject and verb with conditionals.
(19) Skill
19 : Invert the subject and verb with comparisons.
- STRAEGIES FOR THE WRITTEN EXPRESSION QUESTINS :
(1)
First
look at the underlined word or groups of words. You
want to see if you can spot which of the four answer choicrs is not correct.
(2)
If
you have been unable to find the error by looking only at thefour underlined
expressions, then read the complete sentences. Often
an underlined expression is incorrect because of something in another part of
the senteces.
(3)
Never
leave any answer blank. Be sure to answer each question
even if you are unsure of the correct response.
PROBLEMS WITH
SUBJECT/VERB AGREEMENT
(20) Skill
20 : Make verb agree after prepositional phrases.
(21) Skill
21 : Make verbs agree after expressions of quantity.
(22) Skill
22 : Make inverted verbs agree.
(23) Skill
23 : Make verbs agree after certain words.
PROBLEMS WITH PARALLEL STRUCTURE
(24) Skill
24 : Use parallel structure with coordinate conjuctions.
(25) Skill
25 : Use parallels structure with paired conjuctions.
(26) Skill
26 : Use parallel structure with comparisons.
PROBLEMS WITH
COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
(27) Skill
27 : Form comparativres and superlatives correctly.
(28) Skill
28 : Use comparatives and superlatives correctly.
(29) Skill
29 : Use irregular –ER, -ER structure correctly.
PROBLEMS WITH THE FORM
OF THE VERB
(30) Skill
30 : After HAVE ,use the past
participle.
(31) Skill
31 : After BE, use the present participle or the past participle.
(32) Skill
32 : After WILL, WOULD, or other modals, use the base
form of the verb.
PROBLEMS WITH THE USE
OF THE VERB
(33) Skill
33 : Know when to use the past with the present.
(34) Skill
34 : Use HAVE and HAD correctly.
(35) Skill
35 : Use the correct tense with the expressions.
(36) Skill
36 : Use the correct tense with WILL and WOULD.
PROBLEMS
WITH PASSIVE VERBS
(37) Skill
37 : Use the correct form of the passive.
(38) Skill
38 : Recognize active and passive meanings.
PROBLEMS
WITH NOUNS
(39) Skill
39 : Use the correct singular or plural noun.
(40) Skill
40 : Distinguish countable and encountable nouns.
(41) Skill
41 : Recognize irregular plurals of nouns.
(42) Skill
42 : Distinguish the person from the thing.
(43) Skill
43 : Distinguish subject and object pronouns.
(44) Skill
44 : Distinguish possessive adjectives and pronouns.
(45) Skill
45 :Check pronoun reference for agreement.
PROBLEMS WITH ADJECTIVE
AND ADVERBS
(46) Skill
46 : Use basic adjectives and adverbs correctly.
(47) Skill
47 : Use adjectives after linking verb.
(48) Skill
48 : Position adjectives and adverbs correctly.
MORE PROBLEMS WITH
ADJECTIVES
(49) Skill
49 : Recognize –LY adjectives.
(50) Skill
50 : Use predicate adjectives correctly.
(51) Skill
51 : Use –ED and –ING adjectives correctly.
PROBLEMS WITH ADJECTIVE
AND ADVERBS
(52) Skill
52 :Use articles with singular nouns.
(53) Skill
53 : Distinguish A and AN.
(54) Skill
54 : Make articles agree with nouns.
(55) Skill
55 : Distinguish specific and general idea.
PROBLEMS WITH PREPOSITIONS
(56) Skill
56 : Recognize incorrect prepositions.
(57) Skill
57 : Recognize when prepositions have been omitted.
PROBLEMS WITH USAGE
(58) Skill
58 : Distinguish MAKE and DO.
(59) Skill
59 : Distinguish LIKE, ALIKE, UNLIKE and DISLIKE.
(60) Skill
60 : Distinguish OTHER, ANOTHER, and OTHER.
3.
Reading
Comprehension
This section is designes to messure your
ability to read and understand short passages samiliar in topic and style to
those that students are likely to encounter in Nort American universities and
collages. This section contains reading passages and questions about the
passages.
General Strategies :
(1) Be
familiar with directions.The directions on every
TOEFL test are the same, so it is not necessary to spend time reading the
directions carefully when you take the test. You should be completely familiar.
(2) Don’t
spend too much time reading the passages! You don’t have
time to read each reading passage in depth, and it is quite possible to answer
the questions correctly without first reading passages in depth. Some students
prefer to spend a minute or two on each passage reading for the main idea
berfore starting on the questions. Other students prefer to move directly to
the questions without reading the passages first.
(3) Don’t
worry if a reading passage is on a topic that you are unfamiliar with.
All of the information that you need to answer the questions is included the
passages. You don’t need any background knowledge to answer the questions.
(4) Never
leave any answer blank on your answer sheet.
Even if you are not sure of the correct response, you should answer each
questions. There is no penalty for guessing.
STRATEGIES FOR THE READING
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS :
(1) Skim
the reading passage to determine the main idea and the overall recognization of
ideas in the passage. You don’t need to understand every
detail in each passage to answer the questions correctly. It is therefore a
waste of time to read the passage with the intent of understanding every single
detail before you try to answer the questions.
(2) Look
ahead at the questions to determine what types of questions you must answer.
Each types of the questions is answered in a different way.
(3) Find
the section of the passages that deals with each question.
The question-type tells you exactly where to look in the passage to find
correct answers.
(4) Read
the part of the passage that contains the answer carefully.
The answer will probably be in the same sentence (or one sentence before or
after) the key word or idea.
(5) Choose
the best answer to each question from the four answer choices listed in your
test book. You can choose the best answer
according to what is given in the appropriate section of the passage, eliminate
definitely wrong answers, and mark your best guess on the answer sheet.
The
following skills will help you to implement these strategies in the Reading
Comprehensions section of the TOEFL test :
(1) Skill
1 : Answer main idea questions correctly.
(2) Skill
2 : Recognize the organization of ideas.
DIRECTLY ANSWERED
QUESTIONS
(3) Skill
3 : Answer stated detail questions correctly.
(4) Skill
4 : Find “UNSTATED” details.
(5) Skill
5 : Find pronoun referents.
INDIRECTLY ANSWERED
QUESTIONS
(6) Skill
6 : Answer implied detail questions correctly.
(7) Skill
7 : Answer transition questions correctly.
VOCABULARY QUESTIONS
(8) Skill
8 : Find definitions from structural clues.
(9) Skill
9 : Determine meanings from words part.
(10) Skill
10 :Use context to determine meanings of difficult words.
(11) Skill
11 : Use context to determine maenings of simple words.
OVERALL REVIEW
QUESTIONS
(12) Skill
12 : Determine where specific information is found.
(13) Skill
13 : Determine the tone,purpose or course.
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